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Home Editorial board Publication ethics Information Current Archive Rules for authors Contacts	DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2025.29.22.004 THE ACTIVITIES OF THE KABARDIAN PROVISIONAL COURT’S EXECUTORS IN COLLECTING FINES FOR CRIMES IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE XIXth CENTURY: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, FORMS, CLASSIFICATION Ivanov, Georgy D. Kavkaz Forum. 2025. Issue 22. Abstract: The study of the activities of the executioners details the ideas about the system of execution of punishments in the second quarter of the XIX century in the Central Caucasus, integrated into the Russian legal space, specifying the functions of individual officials. The classification of penalties implemented by the executioners as a whole is carried out, with a study of penalties for crimes. The purpose of the article is to study the process of execution by the executor of penalties for crimes committed in the second quarter of the XIX century. The task is to identify and analyze the main and mixed forms of penalties for crimes committed by the executioners, identifying the specifics. Based on historical-systemic, problem-chronological methods and an institutional approach, the forms of execution by the executor of penalties from those accused of crimes, namely financial compensation for the actual damage caused, fines, baranting and mixed forms, have been identified. They were united by the following: 1) the executor was involved in case of non-payment of money and property by the culprit on a voluntary basis; 2) the executor had discretionary powers regarding the inquiry and the determination of the amount and equivalent of the penalty; 3) the executor carried out collective penalties in various ways. The executor participated in the distribution of the fine and initiated the establishment of penalties, and also acted as the main actor in the implementation of the baranting process, which came under the control of the Russian authorities, which led to the regulation of this process and integration with the fining process. This process was implemented by the executors in the territories under their jurisdiction, and as part of its implementation, they had discretionary powers to investigate crimes and fine perpetrators. The documents of the executors accompanying this process confirmed the merging of the processes of baranting and fining at the level of linguistics and the subject matter of the quarantined property. During the unauthorized baranting, the executor was engaged in the restitution of illegally seized property. The selected forms of recovery in a mixed format were implemented by the executor within the framework of three systems: composite, alternative and multi-stage. Keywords: executors, recovery, fining, Kabardian Provisional Court, Center of the Caucasian Line. Language: Russian Download the full text For citation: Ivanov, G.D. The activities of the Kabardian provisional court’s executors in collecting fines for crimes in the second quarter of the XIX century: general characteristics, forms, classification. KAVKAZ-FORUM. 2025, iss. 22 (29), pp. 70-86 (In Russian). DOI 10.46698/VNC.2025.29.22.004 + References 1. Bukalova, V.M. Kabardinskii vremennyi sud (1822–1858) [Kabardian Provisional Court (1822-1858)]. Arkhiv IGI KBNTs RAN [Archive of IGI KBSC RAS]. Fund 1. Inventory 5. Case 57. 2. Abazov, A.Kh. Nekotorye aspekty deyatel’nosti ekzekutorov v sudebnoi sisteme Kabardy pervoi poloviny XIX v. [Some aspects of the activities of executors in the judicial system of Kabarda in the first half of the XIXth century]. Istoriya nauki i tekhniki [History of science and technology]. 2007, no. 8, pp. 72-76. 3. Abazov, A.Kh. 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